Friday, 25 May 2012

Male contraceptive pill a step closer

Scientists are working on a contraceptive pill that would block a gene vital to sperm production, making men temporarily infertile

A male contraceptive pill could take the birth control burden off womenScientists are hopeful that a male contraceptive pill could soon be on its way, after trials in mice identified a gene essential to sperm production.

[Related story: Can the pill fail?]

The gene, called Katnal1, is important at the end of the sperm-creating process and scientists believe blocking it could induce temporary infertility. The breakthrough came when a team of researchers at the Centre for Reproductive Health at the University of Edinburgh were conducting investigations into male infertility.

Crucially, blocking the gene would be a temporary measure and, as the pill would potentially be non-hormonal, there should be few side effects.

It’s not the first attempt made at a male contraceptive pill but options for men currently remain limited to condoms or a vasectomy. Experts have called a non-hormonal contraceptive pill for men the ‘Holy Grail’.

"The key in developing a non-hormonal contraceptive for men is that the molecular target needs to be very specific for either sperm or other cells in the testicle which are involved in sperm production,” said Dr Allan Pacey, senior lecturer in andrology at the University of Sheffield.

"If they are not, then such a contraceptive could have unwanted side effects on other cells and tissues in the body and may even be dangerous.

"The gene described by the research group in Edinburgh sounds like an exciting new possible target for a new male contraceptive, but it may also shed light on why some men are sub-fertile and why their sperm does not work properly."


Thursday, 24 May 2012

India firm Ranbaxy launches new malaria drug


File photo of an Indian tribal woman attending to a malaria victim in the remote village of Bilaihum in the state of Tripur Millions of malaria cases are reported from around the globe every year

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India's top drugmaker Ranbaxy Laboratories has launched a new malaria treatment drug, Synriam, on the occasion of the World Malaria Day.
The country's first anti-malaria drug would treat Plasmodium falciparum malaria in adults, the company said.
It said the new drug was approved by Indian authorities for sale in India and conformed to the recommendations of the World Health Organisation (WHO).
The WHO estimates that malaria kills about 15,000 people annually in India.
But the Lancet, one of the world's leading medical journals, says that figure is hugely underestimated. It says more than 205,000 people die of malaria every year in India.
The drug was launched on Wednesday in the Indian capital, Delhi, by Health Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad and Science and Technology Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh.
In a statement, Ranbaxy said: "Synriam provides quick relief from most malaria-related symptoms, including fever, and has a high cure rate of over 95%."
Tsutomu Une, the chairman of Ranbaxy, said: "The drug fills a vital therapy gap not only in India but also worldwide. We will make all possible efforts to make Synriam accessible to the world."
The company said it was working to make the drug available in Africa, Asia and South America where malaria is rampant.
Malaria remains a major global public health challenge. India accounts for over 75% of the 2.5 million reported cases of malaria in southeast Asia annually.

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Third of malaria drugs 'are fake'


Mosquito Some species in Thailand and Vietnam spread a drug-resistant malaria strain

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A third of malaria drugs used around the world to stem the spread of the disease are counterfeit, data suggests.
Researchers who looked at 1,500 samples of seven malaria drugs from seven countries in South East Asia say poor-quality and fake tablets are causing drug resistance and treatment failure.
Data from 21 countries in sub-Saharan Africa including over 2,500 drug samples showed similar results.
Experts say The Lancet Infectious Diseases research is a "wake-up call".
The US researchers from the Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health who carried out the work believe the problem may even be much greater than data suggests.
"Most cases are probably unreported, reported to the wrong agencies, or kept confidential by pharmaceutical companies," say the researchers.
No large studies of drug quality have been carried out in China or India - countries that house a third of the world's population and are a "probable" source of many counterfeit drugs as well as genuine antimalarial medicines, they say.
Lead researcher Gaurvika Nayyar stressed that 3.3 billion people were at risk of malaria, which is classified as endemic in 106 countries.
"Between 655,000 and 1.2 million people die every year from Plasmodium falciparum infection," he said.
"Much of this morbidity and mortality could be avoided if drugs available to patients were efficacious, high quality, and used correctly."
In parts of the world where malaria is prevalent, antimalarial drugs are widely distributed and self-prescribed, both correctly and incorrectly, say the researchers.
The study found there are insufficient facilities to monitor the quality of antimalarial drugs and poor consumer and health-worker knowledge about the therapies.
And there is a lack of regulatory oversight of manufacturing and little punitive action for counterfeiters.
Despite this, malaria mortality rates have fallen by more than 25% globally since 2000, and by 33% in the WHO African Region.
But the World Health Organization says maintaining current rates of progress will not be enough to meet global targets for malaria control.
It is calling for renewed investment in diagnostic testing, treatment, and surveillance for malaria.

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Calcium pills pose 'heart risk'

Calcium pills Researchers urge caution on calcium pills

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People who take calcium supplements could be increasing their risk of having a heart attack, according to researchers in Germany.
Calcium is often taken by older people to strengthen bones and prevent fractures.
But the study, published in the journal Heart, said the supplements "should be taken with caution".
Experts say promoting a balanced diet including calcium would be a better strategy.
The researchers at the German Cancer Research Centre, in Heidelberg, followed 23,980 people for more than a decade.
They compared the number of heart attacks in people who were taking calcium supplements with those who did not.
'Taken with caution'

Start Quote

We need to determine whether the potential risks of the supplements outweigh the benefits calcium can give sufferers of conditions such as osteoporosis”
End Quote Natasha Stewart British Heart Foundation
There were 851 heart attacks among the 15,959 people who did not take any supplements at all. However, people taking calcium supplements were 86% more likely to have had a heart attack during the study.
The researchers said that heart attacks "might be substantially increased by taking calcium supplements" and that they "should be taken with caution".
Dr Carrie Ruxton, from The Health Supplements Information Service which is funded supplement manufacturers, said: "Osteoporosis is a real issue for women and it is irresponsible for scientists to advise that women cut out calcium supplements on the basis of one flawed survey, particularly when the link between calcium, vitamin D and bone health is endorsed by the European Food Safety Authority."
The British Heart Foundation (BHF) said patients prescribed the supplements should keep taking their medication, but should also speak to their doctor if they were concerned.
'Not safe' Natasha Stewart, a senior cardiac nurse with the BHF, said: "This research indicates that there may be an increased risk of having a heart attack for people who take calcium supplements.
"However, this does not mean that these supplements cause heart attacks.
"Further research is needed to shed light on the relationship between calcium supplements and heart health. We need to determine whether the potential risks of the supplements outweigh the benefits calcium can give sufferers of conditions such as osteoporosis."
Ian Reid and Mark Bolland, researchers at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, said: "The evidence is also becoming steadily stronger that it is not safe, nor is it particularly effective.
"Therefore, the administration of this micro nutrient should not be encouraged; rather people should be advised to obtain their calcium intake from an appropriately balanced diet.
"We should return to seeing calcium as an important component of a balanced diet and not as a low cost panacea to the universal problem of postmenopausal bone loss."
A spokeswoman for the UK's Department of Health said it would consider the study carefully once the complete article had been published.
"The majority of people do not need to take a calcium supplement," she said.
"A healthy balanced diet will provide all the nutrients, including calcium, that they need. Good sources of calcium include milk and dairy foods, fortified dairy food alternatives, e.g. soya drink, and green leafy vegetables."

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'Emergency plan' to eradicate polio launched



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Anuradha Gupta, from India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, says they remain vigilant despite becoming free of the disease

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Polio has been declared a "global emergency" by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative after "explosive" outbreaks in countries previously free of the disease.
It has launched a plan to boost vaccination in Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan, the only countries where the disease is still endemic.
Experts fear the disease could "come back with a vengeance".
The World Health Organization says polio is "at a tipping point".
There have been large outbreaks of the virus in Africa, Tajikistan and China has had its first cases for more than a decade.
'Relentless' Bruce Aylward, head of the WHO's polio eradication campaign, said: "Over the last 24 months on three continents - in Europe, in Africa and in Asia - we have seen horrific explosive outbreaks of the disease that affected adults, and in some cases 50% of them died.
"What it reminded people is that, if eradication fails, we are going to see an huge and vicious upsurge of this disease with consequences that it is very difficult even to foresee right now."
He said the initiative was "now on an emergency footing" which would result in a "big shift" in the way the virus is tackled.
The strategy has been summarised as the "relentless pursuit of the unvaccinated child".

Battleground: Pakistan

In the global fight against polio, Pakistan is the key battleground, with the highest number of cases in the world.
Nearly 200 children were paralysed here in 2011 - the worst figures in 15 years. And the Pakistani strain of the virus has crossed borders - causing outbreaks in Afghanistan and China.
The Pakistan government has already declared polio to be a national emergency. A small army of health workers - 88,000 - is targeting 33m children for vaccination.
But officials admit as many as three quarters of a million children still have not been immunized.
The government says immunization campaigns have been disrupted in recent years by a number of factors, including heavy flooding and military campaigns against the Taliban.
There has been opposition too from some powerful clerics - and damage was done by the fake CIA vaccination campaign which helped to locate Osama Bin Laden in the Pakistani city of Abbotabad.
However, Dr Aylward also cautioned that there was a $950m shortfall in funding and admitted they had been forced into "cutting corners" with vaccination campaigns being stopped in some countries.
'Will' India, once regarded as one of the most challenging countries, was declared free of the disease in February.
Kalyan Banerjee, the president of Rotary International, said: "We know polio can be eradicated, and our success in India proves it.
"It is now a question of political and societal will.
"Do we choose to deliver a polio-free world to future generations, or do we choose to allow 55 cases this year to turn into 200,000 children paralyzed for life, every single year?"
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative is a partnership between governments, the World Health Organization (WHO), Rotary International, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the United Nations Children's Fund.
Members of the WHO, meeting in Geneva, will vote this week on whether to declare polio eradication an "emergency for public health".
The WHO estimates that failure to act could lead to as many as 200,000 paralyzed children a year worldwide within a decade.
The WHO originally set the year 2000 as its target for polio eradication. Dr Margaret Chan, director-general of the WHO, said the organisation was now working "in emergency mode".
The BBC's Imogen Foulkes in Geneva says the programme has claimed some remarkable successes, most notably India, which was declared polio-free in February.
She says the WHO hopes to shake donor countries out of their complacency and support one last effort at eradication. The WHO believes that with one last push, the disease could be eradicated globally, she says.
It is thought conflict and a lack of trust in vaccinations mean fewer children are being immunized.
Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. It invades the nervous system, and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours.
One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis, usually in the legs. Among those paralysed, 5% to 10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized.
Unicef executive director Anthony Lake said: "All our efforts are at risk until all children are fully immunized against polio - and that means fully funding the global eradication effort and reaching the children we have not yet reached
"We have come so far in the battle against this crippling disease. We can now make history - or later be condemned by history for failing."

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Male pill: gene discovery may lead to contraceptive


Sperm Healthy sperm manufacture needs the Katnal1 gene

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It may be possible to develop a new male contraceptive pill after researchers in Edinburgh identified a gene critical for the production of healthy sperm.
Experiments in mice found that the gene, Katnal1, was vital for the final stages of making sperm.
The authors of a study in PLos Genetics said a drug which interrupts Katnal1 could be a reversible contraceptive.
A fertility expert said there was "certainly a need" for such a drug.
Contraception in men is largely down to condoms or a vasectomy.
Infertility search Researchers at the Centre for Reproductive Health at the University of Edinburgh were investigating the causes of male infertility.
They randomly altered the genetic code of mice to see which became infertile. They then traced the mutations which led to infertility, which led them to Katnal1.

Start Quote

If we can find a way to target this gene in the testes, we could potentially develop a non-hormonal contraceptive”
End Quote Dr Lee Smith University of Edinburgh
It contains the blueprints for a protein which is important in cells which support the development of sperm. Without the protein, sperm do not fully form and the body disposes of them.
Scientists hope they will be able to perform a similar trick in humans to stop sperm developing, without causing lasting damage.
One of the researchers Dr Lee Smith said: "If we can find a way to target this gene in the testes, we could potentially develop a non-hormonal contraceptive.
"The important thing is that the effects of such a drug would be reversible because Katnal1 only affects sperm cells in the later stages of development, so it would not hinder the early stages of sperm production and the overall ability to produce sperm.
He said it would be "relatively difficult" to do as the protein lives inside cells, however, he said there was "potential" to find something else that protein worked with, which might be an easier target.
'Holy Grail' Dr Allan Pacey, senior lecturer in andrology at the University of Sheffield, said there was "certainly a need" for a non-hormonal contraceptive for men and that this had been a "Holy Grail" of research for many years.
He added: "The key in developing a non-hormonal contraceptive for men is that the molecular target needs to be very specific for either sperm or other cells in the testicle which are involved in sperm production.
"If they are not, then such a contraceptive could have unwanted side effects on other cells and tissues in the body and may even be dangerous.
"The gene described by the research group in Edinburgh sounds like an exciting new possible target for a new male contraceptive, but it may also shed light on why some men and sub-fertile and why their sperm does not work properly."

More on This Story

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Thursday, 17 May 2012

The baby time-lapse trend


Montage of pictures of Suman Bansal
Baby time-lapses - which see parents take daily images of their child, and run them together - are becoming increasingly common. So are they now the ultimate way of documenting a child's development?
Parents have always been fond of storing sentimental keepsakes - a first tooth or lock of hair - as their child grows up.
And pictures marking significant milestones - birthdays or their first day of school - are a mainstay of mantelpieces.
But there is now a much more ambitious trend in cataloguing a child's growth. And rather than being something typically kept within the privacy of the home, it prides itself on going public.

Start Quote

I will hopefully have given my children a gift which they can pass it on to their children”
End Quote Munish Bansal
Take the time-lapse of Natalie, who grows from birth to 10 years old in one minute and 25 seconds. It has racked up seven million hits since it emerged on YouTube in 2008.
Or a pregnant mother and her partner's take on the trend, which encapsulates the nine-month pregnancy cycle in just 90 seconds.
Clearly, for some snap-happy parents, posting a couple of hundred pictures on Flickr is not enough. They are posting them every day. Others are creating video montages to capture the process.
So what motivates parents to create baby time-lapses - and are they becoming the ultimate way of recording a child's development?
Munish Bansal, 39, a bookkeeper from Gillingham, Kent, has been recording every day in his children's lives from the day they were born. He has now amassed more than 10,000 photos of Suman, 16, and Jay, 13, which are displayed on a dedicated website.
Two images of Suman Bansal, one taken in 1996 (left), the other from 1997 (right) Munish Bansal has taken photographs of his daughter Suman Bansal every day since her birth on 16 May 1996 (left). The following images are taken on her birthday every year since then.
Suman Bansal on 16 May 1998 (left) and 16 May 1999 (right) Suman on 16 May 1998 (left) and 16 May 1999 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2000 (left) and 16 May 2001 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2000 (left) and 16 May 2001 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2002 (left) and 16 May 2003 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2002 (left) and 16 May 2003 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2004 (left) and 16 May 2005 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2004 (left) and 16 May 2005 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2006 (left) and 16 May 2007 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2006 (left) and 16 May 2007 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2008 (left) and 16 May 2009 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2008 (left) and 16 May 2009 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2010 (left) and 16 May 2011 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2010 (left) and 16 May 2011 (right)
Suman Bansal Suman Bansal on her birthday in 2012
"I decided it was something I wanted to do before Suman was born - I wanted to see the daily changes, and it was also for family in India.
"I thought I'd only do it for a few years, but then it seemed a shame to stop. When you look at the photos, it's like fast forwarding a movie, you can see how she used to laugh, smile, and look - it's wonderful," he says.
Bansal says he "has to be strict" with himself to keep up the practice. And on one occasion, when his daughter went to France, he had to get friends and teachers to take the pictures in his place.
In an ideal world, he says he would like to carry on taking photos until his children are 18 years old, but it depends on how they feel when they go to college. At the moment, they love the attention, he says.
"Either way I feel as if I have achieved a goal - and I will hopefully have given my children a gift which they can pass it onto their children."
Eight image of Lotte Hofmeester aged (top row: aged 4 months, one year old, three years old, five years old; top row: seven years old, eleven years old, twelve years old) (photos: Frans Hofmeester) Frans Hofmeester documented his daughter Lotte's progression through childhood, pictured above from infancy to age 12
For Dutch filmmaker Frans Hofmeester, who has been filming his daughter Lotte, 12, every week since she was born, a time-lapse was never something he set out to achieve.
"She was changing at such a rapid pace, I felt like I needed to document the way she looked, the sounds she made, to keep my memory intact.
"I developed a rhythm of filming every week, and editing a film every birthday. When my son Vince came along, I started doing the same thing," he says.
Vince Hofmeester (photos: Frans Hofmeester) Hofmeester also captured his son
Hofmeester says the process became "more intense, more powerful" as time passed, until he realised he had "something special in his hands, which he had to do something with".
However he says he was "overwhelmed" by the reaction to the result - the Lotte time-lapse video from birth to 12 in two minutes 45 seconds - which went viral and clocked up 3.7m views on Vimeo in one week.
Hofmeester puts the appeal down to the "soul feeling" of the live images, which "touches people", as well as the natural draw of children.
"It is also the most essential example of what life is - there are so many emotions in just three minutes," he says.
It is easy to understand how the creators of baby time-lapses get captivated by them, but their wider appeal is perhaps more surprising.
Especially in light of a recent poll of Facebook users, which puts baby photos as the second most irritating picture annoyance on the website.
So how popular are baby time-lapses, and why do other people like viewing them?

The bump chronicler

Jen Jardin's bump
Jen Jardin, 28, a body piercer from north London, is 17 weeks pregnant and documenting her pregnancy through an app.
"I take a picture every Sunday, standing against the same wall, with my partner sitting in the same spot, so I can see how my bump changes. It's quite a good app, it tells me how big the baby is by fruit or vegetable size, starting off as a poppy seed, then grape, lemon etc, so we can visualise it. Now I'm a sweet potato.
"Part of the reason we're doing it is we really wanted to get pregnant, so after trying for a while when it finally happened, it was really special. But it is also going so fast it is a way of remembering it. When I was in the middle of morning sickness it was hard to savour the moment, and once the baby arrives I might forget what it was like to be pregnant.
"It's just for our own personal use. I'd like to make a time lapse out of all the pictures at the end, as a gift, but I doubt it will end up on YouTube.
We'd quite like to carry on when our child is born, but we'll see. Even now I love looking back at photos, it's interesting to see how I've changed."
Kathryn Blundell, the editor of Mother & Baby Magazine, says whereas parents are often drawn to time-lapses because of an awareness of how fleeting childhood is, their wider appeal is, in part, because of the "hypnotic and memorising" element of the medium.
"It's like when you watch the David Attenborough flower opening - there is a fascination, it pulls you in," she says.
According to Blundell, baby time-lapses are part of a growing trend that has developed alongside technology.
"Whether it's photo albums, videos, or babies that now have their own Facebook pages and Twitter pages with updates like 'I've pooped my pants', to mums writing their own blogs, Mumsnet and Pinterest, the culture is already out there.
"In a way, baby time-lapses are the modern scrapbook," she says.
Ellis Cashmore, professor of culture, media and sport at Staffordshire University, agrees technology has simply given parents another means of documenting their child's development - but he believes baby time-lapses also reflect a much broader shift in society.
"We have a different concept of the private life than we used to, even 20 years ago. The concept of shielding something away from public attention has virtually been abandoned - we share practically everything nowadays, not just in social media, but in day-to-day interactions.
"So whereas in the mid 20th Century sharing photos of your children may have been a cause of embarrassment, the advances in media, which started with the introduction of television, have incrementally changed the notion of what is private," he says.
Of course some parents are uncomfortable with baby photos being put online, or fear they may be open to abuse or manipulation. Critics also argue a child should have a right to decide whether it has a digital footprint, not parents.
But a study by internet security company AVG, which found that 92% of children in the US had an online presence by the time they were two years old, with countries such as the UK and France not far behind at 81%, suggests the majority of parents are more relaxed.
Woman takes a photography of a young child
However those that think baby time-lapses are set to be the norm are misguided, according to Greg Hobson, curator of photographs at the National Media Museum.
"It is an interesting phenomenon and I think people tend to connect with these time-lapses as they are human beings, and there are intonations of death and the passing of time - in a similar way to time-lapses of fruit or flowers decaying - which make us aware of our own mortality.
"But these are essentially family shots, so while it is interesting to see new something on the internet, the attention span for these things is relatively short," he says.
Montage of pictures of Suman Bansal
Baby time-lapses - which see parents take daily images of their child, and run them together - are becoming increasingly common. So are they now the ultimate way of documenting a child's development?
Parents have always been fond of storing sentimental keepsakes - a first tooth or lock of hair - as their child grows up.
And pictures marking significant milestones - birthdays or their first day of school - are a mainstay of mantelpieces.
But there is now a much more ambitious trend in cataloguing a child's growth. And rather than being something typically kept within the privacy of the home, it prides itself on going public.

Start Quote

I will hopefully have given my children a gift which they can pass it on to their children”
End Quote Munish Bansal
Take the time-lapse of Natalie, who grows from birth to 10 years old in one minute and 25 seconds. It has racked up seven million hits since it emerged on YouTube in 2008.
Or a pregnant mother and her partner's take on the trend, which encapsulates the nine-month pregnancy cycle in just 90 seconds.
Clearly, for some snap-happy parents, posting a couple of hundred pictures on Flickr is not enough. They are posting them every day. Others are creating video montages to capture the process.
So what motivates parents to create baby time-lapses - and are they becoming the ultimate way of recording a child's development?
Munish Bansal, 39, a bookkeeper from Gillingham, Kent, has been recording every day in his children's lives from the day they were born. He has now amassed more than 10,000 photos of Suman, 16, and Jay, 13, which are displayed on a dedicated website.
Two images of Suman Bansal, one taken in 1996 (left), the other from 1997 (right) Munish Bansal has taken photographs of his daughter Suman Bansal every day since her birth on 16 May 1996 (left). The following images are taken on her birthday every year since then.
Suman Bansal on 16 May 1998 (left) and 16 May 1999 (right) Suman on 16 May 1998 (left) and 16 May 1999 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2000 (left) and 16 May 2001 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2000 (left) and 16 May 2001 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2002 (left) and 16 May 2003 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2002 (left) and 16 May 2003 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2004 (left) and 16 May 2005 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2004 (left) and 16 May 2005 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2006 (left) and 16 May 2007 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2006 (left) and 16 May 2007 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2008 (left) and 16 May 2009 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2008 (left) and 16 May 2009 (right)
Suman Bansal on 16 May 2010 (left) and 16 May 2011 (right) Suman Bansal on 16 May 2010 (left) and 16 May 2011 (right)
Suman Bansal Suman Bansal on her birthday in 2012
"I decided it was something I wanted to do before Suman was born - I wanted to see the daily changes, and it was also for family in India.
"I thought I'd only do it for a few years, but then it seemed a shame to stop. When you look at the photos, it's like fast forwarding a movie, you can see how she used to laugh, smile, and look - it's wonderful," he says.
Bansal says he "has to be strict" with himself to keep up the practice. And on one occasion, when his daughter went to France, he had to get friends and teachers to take the pictures in his place.
In an ideal world, he says he would like to carry on taking photos until his children are 18 years old, but it depends on how they feel when they go to college. At the moment, they love the attention, he says.
"Either way I feel as if I have achieved a goal - and I will hopefully have given my children a gift which they can pass it onto their children."
Eight image of Lotte Hofmeester aged (top row: aged 4 months, one year old, three years old, five years old; top row: seven years old, eleven years old, twelve years old) (photos: Frans Hofmeester) Frans Hofmeester documented his daughter Lotte's progression through childhood, pictured above from infancy to age 12
For Dutch filmmaker Frans Hofmeester, who has been filming his daughter Lotte, 12, every week since she was born, a time-lapse was never something he set out to achieve.
"She was changing at such a rapid pace, I felt like I needed to document the way she looked, the sounds she made, to keep my memory intact.
"I developed a rhythm of filming every week, and editing a film every birthday. When my son Vince came along, I started doing the same thing," he says.
Vince Hofmeester (photos: Frans Hofmeester) Hofmeester also captured his son
Hofmeester says the process became "more intense, more powerful" as time passed, until he realised he had "something special in his hands, which he had to do something with".
However he says he was "overwhelmed" by the reaction to the result - the Lotte time-lapse video from birth to 12 in two minutes 45 seconds - which went viral and clocked up 3.7m views on Vimeo in one week.
Hofmeester puts the appeal down to the "soul feeling" of the live images, which "touches people", as well as the natural draw of children.
"It is also the most essential example of what life is - there are so many emotions in just three minutes," he says.
It is easy to understand how the creators of baby time-lapses get captivated by them, but their wider appeal is perhaps more surprising.
Especially in light of a recent poll of Facebook users, which puts baby photos as the second most irritating picture annoyance on the website.
So how popular are baby time-lapses, and why do other people like viewing them?

The bump chronicler

Jen Jardin's bump
Jen Jardin, 28, a body piercer from north London, is 17 weeks pregnant and documenting her pregnancy through an app.
"I take a picture every Sunday, standing against the same wall, with my partner sitting in the same spot, so I can see how my bump changes. It's quite a good app, it tells me how big the baby is by fruit or vegetable size, starting off as a poppy seed, then grape, lemon etc, so we can visualise it. Now I'm a sweet potato.
"Part of the reason we're doing it is we really wanted to get pregnant, so after trying for a while when it finally happened, it was really special. But it is also going so fast it is a way of remembering it. When I was in the middle of morning sickness it was hard to savour the moment, and once the baby arrives I might forget what it was like to be pregnant.
"It's just for our own personal use. I'd like to make a time lapse out of all the pictures at the end, as a gift, but I doubt it will end up on YouTube.
We'd quite like to carry on when our child is born, but we'll see. Even now I love looking back at photos, it's interesting to see how I've changed."
Kathryn Blundell, the editor of Mother & Baby Magazine, says whereas parents are often drawn to time-lapses because of an awareness of how fleeting childhood is, their wider appeal is, in part, because of the "hypnotic and memorising" element of the medium.
"It's like when you watch the David Attenborough flower opening - there is a fascination, it pulls you in," she says.
According to Blundell, baby time-lapses are part of a growing trend that has developed alongside technology.
"Whether it's photo albums, videos, or babies that now have their own Facebook pages and Twitter pages with updates like 'I've pooped my pants', to mums writing their own blogs, Mumsnet and Pinterest, the culture is already out there.
"In a way, baby time-lapses are the modern scrapbook," she says.
Ellis Cashmore, professor of culture, media and sport at Staffordshire University, agrees technology has simply given parents another means of documenting their child's development - but he believes baby time-lapses also reflect a much broader shift in society.
"We have a different concept of the private life than we used to, even 20 years ago. The concept of shielding something away from public attention has virtually been abandoned - we share practically everything nowadays, not just in social media, but in day-to-day interactions.
"So whereas in the mid 20th Century sharing photos of your children may have been a cause of embarrassment, the advances in media, which started with the introduction of television, have incrementally changed the notion of what is private," he says.
Of course some parents are uncomfortable with baby photos being put online, or fear they may be open to abuse or manipulation. Critics also argue a child should have a right to decide whether it has a digital footprint, not parents.
But a study by internet security company AVG, which found that 92% of children in the US had an online presence by the time they were two years old, with countries such as the UK and France not far behind at 81%, suggests the majority of parents are more relaxed.
Woman takes a photography of a young child
However those that think baby time-lapses are set to be the norm are misguided, according to Greg Hobson, curator of photographs at the National Media Museum.
"It is an interesting phenomenon and I think people tend to connect with these time-lapses as they are human beings, and there are intonations of death and the passing of time - in a similar way to time-lapses of fruit or flowers decaying - which make us aware of our own mortality.
"But these are essentially family shots, so while it is interesting to see new something on the internet, the attention span for these things is relatively short," he says.

Grooming tips from the man with the longest moustache


Ram Singh Chauhan
Ram Singh Chauhan of India is the proud owner of the world's longest moustache, officially recorded by Guinness World Records as 4.29m (14ft) long. But what is the secret of his success? Here he offers five tips.
1. Start growing early - as soon as you can. Chauhan, now 54, started growing his moustache in 1970 - facial hair grows fastest in one's youth, he says. "As you grow old your hormones grow weak, so the speed slows down."
And, of course, he has never cut it, "apart from trimming around the lip area".
Steve Parsons of the British-based Handlebar Club seconds this advice, as a young man's facial hair is more durable than that of an elderly man. "As moustache hair goes white it starts to become more brittle and is more likely break off," says Parsons.

Start Quote

Steve Parsons, secretary at the Handlebar Club (photo by Joe Hutt)
Kissing a man without a moustache is like drinking champagne without bubbles”
End Quote Steve Parsons
2. Groom it well. Chauhan spends an hour every day cleaning and combing his moustache. "I massage it and oil it regularly and I wash it every 10 days which takes a long time," he says. "My wife helps me." He uses a coconut-based hair oil.
Parsons, who himself sports an elaborate handlebar moustache, recommends leave-in conditioner as an antidote for troublesome split ends. "You can also use pomades or beeswax but that requires a good wash to get it out. Our advice? Dip it in beer on a regular basis," he says.
Rod Littlewood, vice-president of the World Beard and Moustache Association, says it's best for the moustachioed to avoid eating some food in public. "Candy floss is a horror!"
3. Get your family on side. Chauhan's wife Asha says they used to fight over his moustache in the early years. "He used to take a long time to get ready, to wash and also people used to stare at him," she says. She didn't feel comfortable. But later, as he started getting recognition for his long moustache, she started to like it and to respect his commitment. Now, she says, the moustache is like a part of the family and she shares his pride in it.
Parsons, meanwhile, admits that his wife is not the greatest fan of his lip furniture, but he has a good riposte: "I always say kissing a man without a moustache is like drinking champagne without the bubbles."

Notable moustache styles

Men with different types of moustache - illustration by Emma Lynch
  • Walrus: bushy, hanging down over the lips - worn by philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche and former US ambassador to the UN John Bolton
  • Toothbrush: thick, but shaved except for a square in the centre - well-known exponents include Adolf Hitler and Charlie Chaplin
  • Handlebar: bushy, with small upward pointing ends, named for its resemblance to bicycle handlebars
  • Pencil: narrow, straight and thin with a wide shaven gap between the nose and moustache - worn well by Clark Gable and Errol Flynn
  • Dali: narrow, long points, bent or curved steeply upward, and areas past the corner of the mouth must be shaved - named after the artist Salvador Dali
4. Endure any discomfort. Chauhan says life is not easy with such a long moustache. When it was shorter, he used to wrap it around his ears. Now it's longer, he wraps it around his neck.
Ram Singh Chauhan with his medal for longest moustache Chauhan wraps his moustache in cloths matched to his outfits
Sleeping can be uncomfortable but he says there's no gain without pain and he wouldn't want it any other way. "I am special with my moustache, and I have never dreamt of being without it."
The Movember charity, which encourages men to grow their moustaches in November to raise awareness of men's health issues, acknowledges that new moustaches can be itchy when they start growing.
Movember co-founder JC advises men to ignore the itch and be brave. "Remind yourself that other men have endured worse in the past. Surely you can stand a little face tickle from your mo?"
5. Don't be a slave to fashion. When he was younger, Chauhan says, moustaches were very much in vogue in his home country. He earned a lot of respect from fellow students at college, but finds the youth of today have little interest in facial hair. "My own son doesn't have one," he says regretfully.
But in the UK, the Handlebar Club says it has noticed a resurgence in bewhiskered men. The popularity of Movember, which last year inspired more than 850,000 men in 14 countries to grow a moustache, is definitely a factor, says Parsons.
"We used to attract the older gentlemen but recently our membership has got younger. At our last AGM we had lots of men in their 20s and 30s."
Ram Singh Chauhan was interviewed for the BBC World Service programme Outlook.
Please tell us about your moustache and send or upload a picture.
Send your pictures and videos to yourpics@bbc.co.uk or text them to 61124 (UK) or +44 7624 800 100 (International).

Tuesday, 15 May 2012

Bolt Dumps Girlfriend to Focus on London 2012



150512T.Usain Bolt with Slovakian fashion designer.jpg - 150512T.Usain Bolt with Slovakian fashion designer.jpg
Usain Bolt with Slovakian fashion designer, Lubica Slovak
Usain Bolt ended his six-month relationship with a Slovakian fashion designer in order to focus on the upcoming Summer Olympics.
News reports suggest Bolt's breakup with Lubica Slovak, 28, was because of his desire to repeat his double-gold/world-record Olympic performance in London. The Jamaican swept the sprint events in 2008 and set the world marks in each race, reports Fourth-Place Medal.
A source close to Bolt told The Sun, "He will have plenty of time for relationships. At the moment he's concentrating on his running career and doesn't want anything to distract from that."
Slovak emigrated to Canada as a teenager and later moved to Jamaica after she took a vacation there. She was introduced to Bolt by reggae singer, Tami Chynn, a mutual friend.
The sprinting star was criticized in his native Jamaica when a picture of him kissing Slovak, who is white, appeared in a local newspaper.
A cartoon accompanied the photo, in which Bolt was seen running past a black woman with "local" written on her shirt and into the arms of a "Slovakian fashion designer."
The island's second-largest newspaper published letters to the editor criticizing Bolt's choice in women. Countless Internet comments angrily reacted to the Bolt-Slovak relationship.

150512T.Usain Bolt with Slovakian fashion designer.jpg - 150512T.Usain Bolt with Slovakian fashion designer.jpg
Usain Bolt with Slovakian fashion designer, Lubica Slovak
Usain Bolt ended his six-month relationship with a Slovakian fashion designer in order to focus on the upcoming Summer Olympics.
News reports suggest Bolt's breakup with Lubica Slovak, 28, was because of his desire to repeat his double-gold/world-record Olympic performance in London. The Jamaican swept the sprint events in 2008 and set the world marks in each race, reports Fourth-Place Medal.
A source close to Bolt told The Sun, "He will have plenty of time for relationships. At the moment he's concentrating on his running career and doesn't want anything to distract from that."
Slovak emigrated to Canada as a teenager and later moved to Jamaica after she took a vacation there. She was introduced to Bolt by reggae singer, Tami Chynn, a mutual friend.
The sprinting star was criticized in his native Jamaica when a picture of him kissing Slovak, who is white, appeared in a local newspaper.
A cartoon accompanied the photo, in which Bolt was seen running past a black woman with "local" written on her shirt and into the arms of a "Slovakian fashion designer."
The island's second-largest newspaper published letters to the editor criticizing Bolt's choice in women. Countless Internet comments angrily reacted to the Bolt-Slovak relationship.